Juvenile Delinquency - 1154 Words

A traumatic childhood may predispose a child to violence against themselves or against others, in adolescence or adulthood. This information is and has been off the records, but so far no known relationship between the magnitude of traumatic experiences and different forms of violence at puberty. A study published in Pediatrics, which involved 136,549 U.S. students between 12 and 17 has been commissioned to evaluate this relationship. The researchers sought to determine six adverse experiences for which they had passed the boys in childhood and physical and sexual abuse, witnessing abuse or problems at home by alcohol or drugs taken by a relative. Then he saw the violent behavior at puberty: crime, harassment, bullying, dating violence,†¦show more content†¦(Tappan, 2003) This is not to say that children did not commit criminal activity during the Middle Ages, but rather that the concept of juvenile delinquent was not part of the vocabulary during this period of time. If a transgression occurred, then punishment was meted out regardless of child or adult status. (Bradshaw, 1995) In early American life, children were not so different from that of their peers in Europe.. If they worked as apprentices, then they had to deal with abusive masters. If they worked in factories, as many did during the turn of the 19th century, then they were working alongside their parents. Furthermore, while discipline may have been considered harsh by todays standards, few cases of child abuse were reported to the courts. (Rosenquist,2000) Conclusion Future directions The development of preventive strategies will necessarily follow from an understanding of delinquencys root causes. If social structure is a key factor in the development of juvenile delinquency, then prevention will entail addressing issues regarding place, identity, or socioeconomic status. For example, if poverty is considered a significant causative factor, then taking steps such as providing jobs, job training, and perhaps additional welfare benefits becomes an important social concern. By eliminating poverty, society will thusShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Delinquency2109 Words   |  9 PagesJuvenile Delinquency 1 Juvenile Delinquency: Features, Causes and Solutions Shen Cheng Class: 110 Teacher: Stephanie February 29, 2012 Juvenile Delinquency 2 Outline I. Introduction Thesis statement: Nowadays, there is no denying that Juvenile Delinquency has become one of the hottest social issues. The features, causes, and solutions of Juvenile Delinquency will be discussed about in this research. II. The features of Juvenile Delinquency A. The average age of juveniles who commitRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency2343 Words   |  10 PagesOpener: B. Thesis statement: This term paper explores how family issues attribute to juvenile delinquency and how to overcome it. II. First and foremost, an unstable family structure is one of the contributing factors to juvenile delinquency. A. Single-parent household vs. two-parent household B. Child maltreatment 1. emotional neglect 2. physical abuse III. Secondly, studies have shown that juvenile delinquency is conclusively related to the family environment. A. Family cohesion B. Increasing numberRead MoreJuvenile Crime And Juvenile Delinquency1322 Words   |  6 PagesVersion). Juvenile crime, in law, term denoting various offense committed by children or youth under the age of 18. U.S. official crime reported that in the mid-1900’s â€Å"about one-fifth of all persons arrested for crimes were under the age of 18† (Funk Wagnalls, 2014). Such acts are sometimes referred to as juvenile delinquency (Funk Wagnalls, 2014. Offering constructive programs reduces juvenile delinquency and reduces recidivism. â€Å"From the beginning, the principal consideration of the juvenile courtsRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : Adult Delinquency2861 Words   |  12 PagesAlexis Kelly SOC 333 William Franks Spring 2015 Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Programs What is juvenile delinquency? Juvenile delinquency relates to minors who commit law violations. Instead of adults commiting â€Å"crimes’, juveniles are considered to commit â€Å"delinquent acts†. Society sees juvenile delinquents as immature and in need of guidance, which is different to adults, who are seen to be responsible for their crimes. Juvenile delinquency can occur in any community, neighborhood, and schoolsRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency2264 Words   |  10 PagesJuvenile Delinquency is the participation of illegal behavior by a minor who falls under a statutory age limit. A delinquent is a minor who commits a crime or a status offense. A status offense is conduct that is illegal only because the child is under age i.e. smoking cigarettes (Senna 10, 20). The cases of Eric Smith, Lionel Tate, and an unidentified NJ child are similar only because, they are guilty of killing another child, but the Criminal Justice System treated and punished them very different lyRead MoreJuvenile Crime And Juvenile Delinquency1458 Words   |  6 PagesDay in and day out residents and visitors to the Boston area are affected by juvenile crime and delinquency. Though the crime rates in MA and across the nation are on a steady decline, these juvenile crimes are still considered a serious matter that needs attention. It is thought that juvenile offenders do not cope as well with the criminal justice system as well as adults may be able to and therefore there needs to be a focus on how the system can better aid in the rehabilitation of these youthfulRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesA juvenile delinquent offense is an act committed by a juvenile for which an adult would be tried at a criminal court. New statistics give an alarming picture: juvenile delinquency is higher as never before. According to the census bureau, in 2008 there were 1,653,000 recorded delinquent offenses in the United States. This is a 23.6% increase from 1990 when 1,337,000 delinquent offenses occurred. Today, a lot of people demand lowering the age of criminal responsibility and draconian penalties (JensonRead MoreThe And Prevention Of Juvenile Delinquency970 Words   |  4 PagesJuveniles in the justice system is an issue relevant not only to people in the criminal justice system but to society in general. There have been a number of studies done that link serious behavior problems in children to adult criminal conduct. In more recent years, there has been more research done regarding the causes and prevention of juvenile delinquency. The Department of Juvenile Justice lists 3 broad categories with many subcategories to help us understand what contributes to juvenile delinquencyRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is A Problem1508 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Delinquency When looking into the history of United States and elsewhere juvenile delinquency is a problem and has been one for over a century. Like other systems in place, the system involving juvenile delinquents has gone through many stages. In the case of the juvenile delinquency, it has gone through four stages, with us presently in the fourth. The causes behind juvenile delinquency are still unknown even today. Some blame it on the current culture, the over-exposure to violenceRead MoreEssay Juvenile Delinquency1499 Words   |  6 PagesMain Post: Juvenile delinquency is a problem that affects society as a whole. Understanding Juvenile delinquency is important because it is part of trying to figure out how people in American society should react to it; specifically, in terms of law enforcement officers, their agencies, and State legislators. When deviant behavior becomes continuous, chronic and widespread it gets perceived as a significant part of the population as threatening to the general well-being of society (Thompson

Strengthen the Separation between Church and State Essay

Strengthen the Separation between Church and State First Amendment issues of the separation of church and state and state establishment of religion have long been litigated in the federal courts. Until recently, the Supreme Court had a consistent track record of preventing the intermingling of religion and government, especially when it came to the nations public schools. Yet this past year, a newly activist conservative court has set about rewriting some of the Warren Courts judicial legacy. In the 1995 case of Rosenberger v. University of Virginia, the Supreme Court, in a 5-4 ruling, declared that the University of Virginia was constitutionally required to subsidize a student religious magazine on the same basis as secular†¦show more content†¦The majority opinion was justified on First Amendment free speech grounds, arguing that state funding, if provided for secular organizations, must also be available for an overtly religious publication. Yet this line of argument implies that government refusal to subsidize religious writings is somehow stifling the free speech of the writers involved. In other words, the court ruled that it is legally impossible for the state to remain neutral in the realm of religion. Neutrality, according to the Supreme Court, constitutes a latent form of suppression. Justice Sandra Day OConnor, a court moderate who cast the deciding vote, justified her anguished decision in a deeply troubled concurring opinion. In it, she echoed the concurring opinion of fellow moderate Justice Anthony Kennedy, emphasizing that the state funding was indirect, coming directly from student activity fees, and that the newspapers would be printed on printers not owned by the school. OConnor also stressed that this specific case lay in a gray area between protected free speech and prohibition of religious funding by government, and warned court observers not to interpret this case in a broader context. This disclaimer is mildly reassuring to those who cherish the First Amendments establishment clause. But in view of the courts unpredictable and volatile recent past, the comfort one can draw from such a disclaimer is minimal at best. Naturally, the religious rightShow MoreRelatedJames Baldwin s Religious Writings1408 Words   |  6 Pagesexplain the apparent and diverse descriptions of varied forms of Christianity in his works. James Baldwin’s religious lifestyle served as the root of the Christian nature of his stories. Fred L. Stanley, author of Conversations with James Baldwin, states that Baldwin oftentimes wrote autobiographically (Stanley). In saying this Stanley reveals that Baldwin’s works often discuss or touch upon real events of his life. This suggests that common archetypes and motifs in Baldwin’s stories parallel actualRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe separation between church and state is a debate that continues to grow with tension as the culture of America rapidly polarizes. A long-standing claim that America was founded on Christian doctrine is a common argument in favor of the church and state to remain together, yet the most commonly used metaphor explaining what the â€Å"Separation of Church and State† contextually means in today’s terms is simply that government and religion should not coincide with one another in any capacity. EvidenceRead MoreEssay about Two Suits, Two Dresses, or One of Each877 Words   |  4 Pagescouple does, as well as obtain the same benefits. Our country is not a Theocracy, we have separation of church and state, therefore the government cannot press biblical or church will on citizens. The church has defined marriage as between a man and a woman and this is fine as long as the government keeps a non-religious standpoint. Many people will say that the definition of a traditional marriage is one between a man and a woman and that makes same-sex marriages unacceptable, gay marriage has notRead MoreThe Issue Of Church And Taxes1235 Words   |  5 PagesChurch and Taxes The history of taxes and the church started with the common law. At first, the common law did not grant tax exclusions to church properties. First, it only applied to certain types of properties like incorporated established churches that were for religious uses. The prevailing common law says treated religion as an affair of law and the church as an agency of the state. Equity courts tax-exempt status: â€Å"In step with the common-law courts, equity courts viewed church property asRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Inquisitor926 Words   |  4 Pageshis case against heresy to the church court. He believes that Joan is guilty of heresy and should be executed for her crimes. The inquisitor emphasizes throughout his argument that heresy is the most dangerous threat to society that exists, and that it needs to be â€Å"ruthlessly stamped out† (Line 12), to maintain silence and order in the community. His argument is strung together with the use of rhetorical devices suc h as ethos, diction, and deceit, to strengthen his case. A large part of whatRead MoreEssay on The Importance of Marriage1017 Words   |  5 Pages The Importance of Marriage Many people think that a wedding in a church is important so that the people getting married are under the eyes of God and he will give then the love and guidance against things like marital breakdown and to give the couple the love and support for each other . The love of man and woman is made holy in the sacrament of marriage, and becomes the mirror of your everlastingRead MoreThe Power Of The Western Empire874 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment, this occurred during the Frankish Gaul, who were the Merovingians, reign in forcefully bringing the Western empire one unifying country rather than having sectors of rulers. However, the unifying nations crumble after Clovis death, the separation of these nation was once again united with the help of the Carolingians, a family who are aristocrats, during the eight century. The Carolingians could not have united the crumble remnants of the Merovingians without the help of the church’s influenceRead MoreThe Roots For The Puritan Movement1639 Words   |  7 Pagescentralized around the acts that had been either ongoing or had been recent additions to the proper observance of the Anglican branch of the Catholic church. Amongst the Ninety Five items were practices like: Indulgences, and path to salvation. Indulgences are a process for those with means to acq uire repentant of sins by giving either money or property to the church, and in return, the sin would be exonerated from their spiritual tally. The other major point, the path to salvation, was contentious to MartinRead MoreObama Associates s Influence On The Vietnam War1206 Words   |  5 PagesClinton associates himself, during his speech, with the combined values of a progressive as well as a collectivist through claims supportive of the future, of progress, of community, and of equality. He states in response to the critics of his actions during the Vietnam War: â€Å"I believe it weakened and divided America and made us reluctant to use our strength in other parts of the world. But I know many of you then and many of today disagree with me. And I respect that† (Clinton). The passageRead MoreChristians Celebrations of Holy Communion Essay1206 Words   |  5 Pagesorder to enter into a pure state of forgiveness and freedom. This is the key reason why Christians, of all branches, hold a great importance to Holy Communion, which remembers Christ’s sacrifice to them, which frees them of their sins up till this day. Even though, most, if not all Christian denominations agree about the origins of such a ritual, they now have different opinions about how the service is conducted. The Roman Catholic Church believes in the idea of transubstantiation

Heart Of Darkness Mystery And Suspense Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper Heart of Darkness: Mystery and Suspense It seems like everyplace there is something in life that seems to be left buttocks. In the books I read about enigma or suspense, this ever seems to be the instance in such. The Heart of Darkness pull me into such deepnesss of suspense and unknown that seem to assciate with my life. This whole book is full of enigmas. Marlow has a bosom that is full of mytery when he is stuck in Africa, and looking for a adult male named Kurtz. Marlow is waiting, he learns about where the topographic point is at, what could be coming in front. Possibly he was merely geting some thoughts of what was in front, or who he would be working with. Why is all this inanity go oning around him? Marlow is enthralled with enigma. You wouldn # 8217 ; t think that person would be merely brainsick to travel and take a trip down the Congo river. We will write a custom essay sample on Heart Of Darkness Mystery And Suspense Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He has heard some facets about the topographic point, and the manner it seems to suck the visitants in. All the people acquiring diseases. One would travel insane at that place, so why? Why would he wnat to travel make this? Again, it # 8217 ; s full of enigma, and that makes an interesting book. Kurtz, with this individual, I can non show how much enigma applies to him and his personality. People haven # 8217 ; t heard from him for rather a long clip, because H eis up the river from the station where Marlow is at. Peoples are desiring the foreman, and they # 8217 ; re acquiring restless. Is Kurtz, sick? Could one of these people get a new publicity in their occupation? The people don # 8217 ; t want Marlow to travel explore up the river a ways and sort Kurtz, suppling him with aid that he might necessitate. And yet, Marlow needs Kurtz. Yet, there is the enigma of the Congo river. It has a manner with the people that come into it and seek to research it # 8217 ; s orgins. It seems to drag you in, and non allow you travel. All of this, because they were funny and courageous. But non all brave work forces will do it through this jungle that the Congo river lays on. Finally, Marlow fixes his steamboat, and carefully goes to run into the cryptic adult male he has heard so much from the people, back in the station. Who knows what he # 8217 ; ll happen, or hear, or experience on his manner. It # 8217 ; s a enigma that follows him. Seems to be his shadow, but Marlow avoids them because they get in his manner all the clip. Then comes the infamouse scene of the bundle. Marlow eventually finds Kurtz, and he gives Marlow a bundle. This was confounding portion on my behalf. Kurtz dies, so gives the bundle off. I mean, this is a entire enigma to me, and what was in the bundle. Possibly Kurtz saw hope in Marlow, and that he was strong plenty to last. The Hear of Darkness, a book full of unknown. I # 8217 ; ve neer read a book with so many unknown incorporating in it # 8217 ; s pages. But once more, the enigma portion of it makes that a good book, which is cliff-hanging. This was definately a # 8220 ; Heart of Darkness. # 8221 ;

Financial Accounting Of Liquidation Company †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Financial Accounting Of Liquidation Company. Answer: Introduction Liquidation of a company is a process by which a company shuts down all its operations, closes its books and sells off all its assets with the help of a liquidator. The companies must appoint a liquidator as required by the law. The most important thing, that the company is running into loses and does not have enough money to pay off its debts, there may be chances that the debtors are not paying the company their dues because of which the company does not have enough funds. There are chances that the company is not able to cope up with the fierce competition and that has led to its liquidation. There can be voluntary or involuntary liquidation depending on the situation of company(Bae, 2017). Because of all these reasons, the directors or the management of the company can opt for liquidation, but that must always be the last resort, because a lot of stakeholders are dependent on the company. In cases where the companies do not propose the liquidation they there are chances that they can get liquidated. Moreover, in case the company becomes insolvent and the director proposes for liquidation, he has to do the same as soon as possible otherwise his personal assets would also be liable for the liquidation purposes. This protects the members, directors and creditors(DeZoort Harrison, 2016). Liquidation is also known as winding up and it proposes the official closure of a company and its books. There can be many other reasons besides the above mentioned reasons basis which the company may think of liquidation like business being started but is running for the wrong reasons, inadequate working capital of the company, the location might not be right, the financial skills may no t be good enough, poor marketing or lack of planning to develop the correct business model, extreme competition in the market, etc. Ethics governance in explaining the companys financial distress In this given case study, we will analyze the reasons behind the liquidation of one of the top educational company in Australia, the ABC Learning company. The other companies being One tel phone company which liquidated in 2001 even after being one of the giants in Australian telecommunication business and having over 2 million clients across 8 nations. The 3rd and final company being assessed here is the HIH insurance company which was the second largest insurance company in Australia but liquidated in 2001 with loss measuring over $ 5.3 billion. This is considered to be one of the major corporate collapse in the history of Australai. There were several reasons that had led to the liquidation of the company and all the related discussion have been given below but the major reason which was found common in all these companies is the lack of internal control in the company, governance being at substandard level, strategic errors, inappropriate pricing policies, non communication and r eporting of errors and frauds to the top management and window dressing. The level of audit being done for the 3 companies is also to be scrutinised here as all of them failed to point the material misstatement in the financial statements.(Grenier, 2017). The case of liquidation with ABC learning, HIH Insurance and One Tel phone company: Major factors and whether liabilities were a major factor contributing to the liquidation ABC Learning Company is one of the top educational companies in Australia; it has a large number of educational centers that impart primary and secondary level education to children in Australia. The company was earning huge profits as per the records and then after the new auditors took over the company. They found there were a lot of issues in the accounts of the company and that had led to its liquidation. Thus the company didnt performs well owing to its malpractices that was not able to cover the same and that led to its liquidation. A large number of investors and stakeholders who had invested in the company were very badly affected. The auditors of the company were held responsible for their actions and were asked to justify the same. Amidst all this, it went into liquidation in the year 2008 and was bought back by Goodyear Early Learning in December 2009 which now operated in 650 centress across Asutralia(Sonu, et al., 2017). The company was unable to pay to its creditors and as a result of this, auditor declined to sign the audit report for the year 2008 stating that the books of accounts are materially misstated for the last few years and needs to be revised and recasted taking into consideration the correct picture. Because of unability to pay off its creditors on time, it has to go into voluntary liquidation in 2008. The child care support company started in the early 2000s and the number of centres started to grow gradually later on becoming 2300 across the major maket and nations. It also acquired few of the big companies to expand its business and reach. It not only became the market leader in Australia but also captured 1% market in the US. It was going big and making huge profits in the year 2004 and 2005 when it had a profit percentage of 15-20%. But amidst all this, its debt portion also got on increasing and in the process the company had a huge debt burden which it was unable to pay. Its shar e prices fell drastically in 2007 by more than 40%. There were many reasons for this dramatic collapse but one of them was incorrect valuation of the acquisitions done and lack of internal control and governance in the company. In place of due deligence of the companies to be acquired by ABC learning, what was going on is only rubber and stamp activity in the company without proper validation. Later the investigations by the lawyers proved that the company was not fulfilling the corporate governance and the ethics of the business and there were huge multi million differnces in the valuation of the deal. (Jones, 2017) Instead of having the investment review committee, it had a orthodox procedure of management group approval which was nothing more than a stamping activity. It also came to notice that the company had paid to one of the other companies some $ 70 Mn instead of the actual valuation which came to $ 30 Mn from the independent valuer. In this way, ABC learning increased its liability by self action of not validating the deals on the basis of the income streams and other major components. The collapse of the ABC learning through all these years was attributable to the lack of corporate governance in the company just 9 months prior to its liquidation. (Fay Negangard, 2017). In the classic case of HIH insurance company, the company collapsed owing to the incorrect and irresponsible valuation of the taken over entity FAI insurance company and its aggresice intent of accounting. Inspite of suffering huge losses in the last year, the chief executive office of HIH insurance company got millions as the severance package in view of the resignation submitted by him and year before the closure of the company.The liquidation had a worldwide impact on the construction and housing business alongwith the re-insuarnce business. Its operations mainly included underwriting services, investment financing and property dealing and it was found that the aggressive accounting strategy at the time of acquisition of CE Health International where the liabilities were understated alongwith the reserves of the company. There was no due deligence being done at the time of acquisition and wrong disclosures were being made to the public in terms of the net assets an liabilities bei ng held by the company and auditors were paid AUD 1.7 Mn for this task. Later on when the actual figures were flashed, the losses of the company multiplied from $ 100 Mn to $ 200 Mn to $ 300 and so on and the resultrs were never published. So, all in all it was a combined effect of many other factors including poor audit quality which can be attributed to liquidation of HIH. The third company i.e., One Tel phone company which was once a revolution among the youth for its mobile phones and internet services, marketing and information system, etc was yet another victim of the weak internal control processes and was ultimately liquidated. The major reason behind this was overstating the sales to around 10 times based on the past trends of 1997 to 2000 when the sales rose by 127%, 40%, 57% and 100% respectively. Inspite of huge growth in revenue numbers, the profits could not be aligned because One tel purchased additional spectrum licenses than required and used funds from public as well, however, in the year ended 30th June. 2000, Tel had a loss of $291 Mn and share prices fell to as low as $ 1. Besides the adverse condition of the shares at the markets, it contined to pay its directors handsomely at $ 0.56 Mn as salary and $ 6.9 Mn bonus. As a result, it went cashless and out of money unable to pay off its debts. This not only made the insolvent but force d the company to lay off around 1400 employees in 2001. The weak internal control by the directors allowed the wrong information to flow to the management and the stakeholders without proper validation. Corporate governance was totally being overridden in this case and its financial reports were no more a decpiction of the true state of affairs. Not only the sales, but the entire receiables, the EBITDA, accounts payable and the trial balance was misstated. It was a case where the accruals were shown to be tremendously high as compared to the market competitors and hence was just a form of window dressing. Conclusion We see that there are a lot of factors that leads a company into liquidation. There are many reasons that lead to this. The most important being the policies of the management which are often not in sync with the standard rules and practices. The company can liquidate in many ways, sometimes when the business is not doing any profit, the companies can go for voluntary liquidation. Sometimes the court orders when the business of the company is not fruitful or against the policies of the government. In this case the loss making units from shown to generate huge revenues, this made a false impression in the minds of the investors. They believed that the company is performing well and hence invested their money in the company. The auditors also did not perform their task with conviction and applied professional skepticism into the matter. They did what the management asked them do. This led to a lot of issues, falsification of the accounts and when the new auditors further interrogated t hen found that the management had indulged in malpractices. (Knechel Salterio, 2016). Recomendations There are several ways by which can prevent the entire case of liquidation. For this it is important that the companies must have a proper stand and should perform all their duties with conviction. The management can also take expert advice to help them in these matters. There are several laws and policies that govern the process of liquidation. All the companies must follow the same. In cases where they require any expert help, they should take. Liquidators must be appointed to make sure that the overall process is profitable for the company. It will also help in protecting the interest of the stakeholders who are dependent on the company. Thus this entire analysis of the ABC Company will provide a basis for the other companies to understand that how important it is for the management to have their stand and how important it is for the investors of the company to make sure that they invest their money after careful considerations. These are the few wyas in which the company can avoi d the liquidation and the stakeholders can get proper returns for their dues(Raiborn, et al., 2016). Refrences Bae, S., 2017. The Association Between Corporate Tax Avoidance And Audit Efforts: Evidence From Korea. Journal of Applied Business Research, 33(1), pp. 153-172. DeZoort, F. Harrison, P., 2016. Understanding Auditors sense of Responsibility for detecting fraud within organization. Journal of Business Ethics, pp. 1-18. Fay, R. Negangard, E., 2017. Manual journal entry testing : Data analytics and the risk of fraud. Journal of Accounting Education, Volume 38, pp. 37-49. Grenier, J., 2017. Encouraging Professional Skepticism in the Industry Specialization Era. Journal of Business Ethics, 142(2), pp. 241-256. Jones, P., 2017. Statistical Sampling and Risk Analysis in Auditing. NY: Routledge. Knechel, W. Salterio, S., 2016. Auditing:Assurance and Risk. fourth ed. New York: Routledge. Raiborn, C., Butler, J. Martin, K., 2016. The internal audit function: A prerequisite for Good Governance. Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance, 28(2), pp. 10-21. Sonu, C., Ahn, H. Choi, A., 2017. Audit fee pressure and audit risk: evidence from the financial crisis of 2008. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting Economics , 24(1-2), pp. 127-144.

Luck vs Hard Work free essay sample

Any person who has exercised endeavors striving for success would be familiar with the conflict between hard work and luck as the limiting factors of long term achievement. Some people liberate themselves of all responsibility and leave everything to chance. While others, leave no stones unturned in attempt to induce the highest degrees of perfectionism in their work. People switch from one work ethic to other and from one success strategy to other trying to answer the ever notorious question that, â€Å"How actually do I become successful? † Stephen Leacock says, â€Å"I am a great believer in luck, and I find the harder I work the more I have of it. † Therefore, in the end it all boils down to good, old-fashioned hard work. Hard work ensures actual success since hard work teaches us more in the long run, acquisition of luck itself depends upon hard work and luck is just naively unpredictable. We will write a custom essay sample on Luck vs Hard Work or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The road towards achieving success through hard work is an enriching experience. Compare the two scenarios: Firstly, a person who aces a job interview because s/he carefully researched and deliberated over the company’s selection criteria and worked hard towards polishing their eloquence and personality. And secondly, a person who attempts an interview excels their job interview just because â€Å"it was a good sort of day† or â€Å"the interviewer was luckily in a pleasant mood†. The first person would have a more prosperous tenure at the company as s/he’d be better acquainted with the internal mechanisms of working at the company. Furthermore, the first person would have acquired a lot of valuable skills through her/his hard work that the second person’s lax, fate-relying attitude deprived her/him of. A complacent dependence on good fortune may seriously cripple the chances of emerging as a long-term victor. People who have lucky moments striding by their lives will have, at some point, exercised efforts to earn them. Archimedes’ â€Å"Eureka! † moment is a very renowned example of a lucky moment. One would ask that isn’t being able to accomplish a remarkable scientific discovery in a bath just the epitome of luckiness? Well, many of us probably encounter many potential eureka moments like Archimedes’ but there was something significantly distinctive about Archimedes that led him to deciphering it as a scientific discovery. It wasn’t just a lucky discovery but his years of hard work ensured that his mind was nourished enough to think along such deeply scientific lines. Moreover, the fact that he discovered it in a bath further proves that it was hard work that led to his. He was surely profoundly entrenched in his work always, wasn’t he? Lucky things happen to those people who have sufficient, logical background context to actually encounter them. Luck is an abstract, indefinable, unidentifiable and unpredictable concept. Most success stories such as those of Bill Gates and Steve Jobs, founders of Microsoft and Apple respectively are marketed along the lines of them starting as mediocre, unskilled individuals and then the tables turning in their favor. When discussing success in terms of luck, it is impossible to substantiate such claims. There is no evidence to decide what happened as a result of luck and what as a consequence of ill fate. Therefore, claims in support of proving luck as the sole reason behind success are merely an extraordinary treasure chest of logical fallacies. In conclusion, it is always safer to direct our attempts of deriving success through hard work. Success through luck may occur occasionally if it used to accelerate wishful thinking to boost morale. However, that makes it a figment of our imagination and in situations like this luck has no logical basis in reality. Victory results from hard work and even if it results from good fortune, hard work has an imperative role to partake.

How to Write a Dissertation in Anthropology Complete Guide

How to Write a Dissertation in Anthropology Complete Guide Lots of students find writing a dissertation to be one of the most challenging and enjoyable parts of their anthropology course. It allows them to explore specific issues more widely or deeply and contribute to this interesting field of study. But many students also find sustaining a logical argument and maintaining good writing over such a long piece daunting because analyzing diverse material from archival and ethnographic research and finding ways to integrate it requires a lot of time and effort. To help you cope with such a complex research project, we created for you this ultimate guide to writing a dissertation in anthropology. We will discuss how to write an anthropology dissertation step-by-step and provide you with a short list of interesting research topic ideas. If you face problems with completing any other type of coursework assignments, explore our website where we have lots of full guides to all writing assignments out there. What Is Dissertation in Anthropology? Anthropology studies humans, human behavior, and societies in the past and presents. This branch of science studies both the biological features that make us human (such as genetic makeup, evolution, nutritional history, and psychology) and deals with social aspects (such as religion, family, culture, language, and politic). The goal of writing anthropology dissertation is to give students the opportunity to conduct an original research project. This way, you will be able to gain detailed knowledge of the existing literature, current research, and methods used in your chosen area. Anthropology dissertation is a complex task because it is expected to be a mature and competent piece of writing that embodies the results of significant and original research. Choosing an Interesting Anthropology Dissertation Topic There are 4 subfields in anthropology that focus on different topic areas: Sociocultural anthropology studies processes of social transformation and cultural change; Biological anthropology studies different aspects of human evolutionary biology; Archaeology studies material remains of the past cultural systems; Linguistic anthropology studies how people communicate and formulate language. When choosing a specific topic for your research, you should decide which subfield interests you most of all. For example, if you are interested in biological anthropology, you can write about topics related to human evolution. If you are passionate about sociocultural anthropology, you can focus on such topics as race, gender, and class inequality, family systems and demography, ideology and culture, gender relations or human ecology. Here are some interesting anthropology dissertation topics ideas to help you get started with your research. Implication of the Politics of Korean Comfort Women for East Asian Relationship; Impact of Colonial Morality on African Women; Linguistic Imperialism in Palestine; CouchSurfing Ethnography; Impact of Adopting Agriculture on Human History; Development of Written Language in Advanced Society; Sports in Modern American Culture; Concepts of Race and Gender in Chinese Biological Anthropology; Biology and Culture in Modern Anthropology; Anthropology of Online Communities; Anthropology of Money; Race and Ethnicity in Medical Anthropology; Anthropology and Global Health; Anthropology and World Culture Theory; Anthropological Interest in Old Age and Aging. Start with a broad topic and then do a preliminary research using relevant keywords to get a better idea of the existing literature and to identify gaps in the current research. Narrow your topic and formulate the research question. You need to create a research proposal for your dissertation and should make it as detailed as possible because the more care you devote to it, the more you will be able to use it as a resource. Writing a Research Proposal A research proposal for field- or library-based dissertation should briefly outline what you want to do, how you are going to do that, and why you think it’s important. Your proposal must also demonstrate that you have done preliminary research and are ready to start an independent research project. You should think about the contribution that your project can make to the anthropological knowledge in the chosen area. Typically, a research proposal includes such elements as introduction, background (research location and review of the existing literature), methodology, key dates and estimated budget, preliminary list of sources. If you manage to summarize the exact scope of study, it can serve you as a guide when you write the main chapters of your work. After you finish working on your main chapters, you can revise your proposal and use it as an introduction to your project. Anthropology Dissertation Outline Effective planning is essential for the success of your anthropology dissertation but actually it should be a continuous process during your writing. All dissertations look the same and include typical types of content. So, in your dissertation, you have to: Formulate a specific research question that your project has to answer; Analyze relevant literature in anthropology that relates to your question; Provide an independent research to address this question; Explain why you chose specific methods for your research; Present your original findings and discuss them. Before you start writing, draft a plan for your anthropology dissertation. It will serve you as a template and will help you organize your work. The structure of your dissertation may look like this: Introduction includes the research question or the hypothesis and the summary of the key arguments; Literature review contains review of the previous work relevant to your research question; Methodology section explains and justifies your choice of specific methods for doing investigation; Findings section presents key results of your research; Discussion chapter should relate your findings to the theoretical discussion in your literature review; Conclusions wraps up you have presented in your anthropology dissertation and provides recommendations for further research. Writing a Draft of an Anthropology Dissertation You should start writing your draft as early as possible and allow a lot of time for revisions after you have shown your first draft to your supervisor. Let’s discuss how to write separate sections. Abstract Abstract is an important element of the dissertation. It’s a brief summary of your research of about 300 words in length. This part of a dissertation is written last when you know exactly what you are summarizing. You need to tell what you did, how you did it and what results of your investigation and implications are. Introduction You should write your introduction in a way as if you are starting a new investigation. You need to provide a context to your topic, giving background information. After that, you should overview key arguments in current research related to your anthropology dissertation topic. Then, you need to identify the gap in the existing literature and formulate your research question or hypothesis that you will investigate in your dissertation. For example, if you are writing a dissertation about career women in modern Japan, your research question may look like this one: ‘Why do Japanese women pursue professional careers and how does that change their personalities?’ Finally, you should briefly outline the structure of your dissertation to give your readers a general idea of what they should expect to read. Literature Review When writing this chapter, you need to demonstrate that you know very well how your own piece of research fits into the overall context in your field. You also need to provide reports that critically overview the existing literature. The main thing is to find the gap in the contemporary literature that you would like to address in your dissertation. Your analysis of literature in this chapter should lead to clear statement of a specific problem that you will be addressing. If written correctly, this chapter established a framework in which you will analyze your research findings. Methods In this chapter, you need to explain how you carried your research and what techniques you used to gathere your data. This section occupies an important place in the whole structure of your anthropology dissertation because you have to present enough information for anyone who will read your dissertation to recreate similar techniques for gathering data to replicate your study. Don’t include any interviews or questionnaires that you have used while conducting your investigation. You just need to explain why you chose to apply some specific technique to collect data. Results Don’t confuse your findings with discussion like many students do. You need to present relevant results of your investigation related to your research question. All data must be organized in a logical and coherent way so you should put your research findings in the order that seems reasonable. Often research data can be presented in tables and charts that should be clearly labeled. It’s important to ensure that all data were derived from your research methods and that they fit your hypothesis or research question. Discussion In this chapter, you need to link your findings to the literature review. You should remind your readers once more about the objectives of your anthropology research and analyze the data that are directly relevant to the research question. You can tell what your original research added to the context and it can fill the gap in the existing research. Tell about the limitations of your research and report about the implications of your findings for anthropological theory. Conclusions You need to bring together all your work and tell about the extent to which all your objectives have been met. You must tell about the main points as they emerged and explain what they mean for anthropology as a subject. You should tell why your research is important and give some recommendations for further research. Besides, you should include a final paragraph that rounds off your dissertation in anthropology. Editing and Proofreading Your Anthropology Dissertation When you complete your first draft, you need to revise it and make changes to improve the content and the logic. You may need to add, delete or reorganize material. Only when you are completely satisfied with the content of your final draft, you should check it for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors and eliminate them. Check all your in-text citations and create a references list. Here are some tips that will help you effectively revise your anthropology dissertation: Don’t start revising your dissertation that you just finished writing. Take a break and put your paper aside for some time otherwise you may overlook some important issues in it. You may work on the computer if you like but many people prefer to edit and proofread on a printed copy. When revising your content, you need to make sure that your dissertation makes accurate claims, your argument is logical and supported by relevant evidence. Make sure that each paragraph has one main idea and a topic sentence. Look for patterns in your errors and develop special techniques for spotting and fixing such common mistakes. Try to keep editing and proofreading processes separate. When proofreading, use different techniques, for example, read your dissertation backwards, read every sentence separately etc. Tips on Conventions of Writing Anthropology Dissertation It’s preferable to use active voice but your dissertation can contain both active and passive voices. It’s important to use tenses consistently. Keep in mind that the present tense may convey the idea of false sense of authority. Your anthropology dissertation should be written in an elegant style where you mix complex sentences with shorter sentences. Feel free to use metaphors and other figures of speech but make sure that your writing is clear to your readers. Keep quotes in text to the minimum and always try to explain things using your own words. We strongly recommend that you should avoid long quotations and use your own words for explanation. We have discussed all the essential steps in writing a dissertation in anthropology. Follow our easy recommendations and proven tips and you are sure to successfully cope with such a lengthy and arduous project and make a great impression on the committee. If you need help with any other academic assignment, check other writing guides on our website.

Automotive Fair Price by Todd Low Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Automotive Fair Price by Todd Low - Essay Example The time in diagnosing the car is separate from the time used in fixing the car. Spending an hour on the car is more than enough to diagnose the problem. If I need extra time to find a fault, I will need to explain the customer in detail about the additional costs. My technician is appointed to diagnose the car; we are spending business hours in finding the fault with his car. That is an opportunity cost for us because we could be spending those hours fixing someone else’s car and earning money. If an arrangement is made with the customer where the technician drives the car to and from work, and driving during lunch breaks then this will be ethically more acceptable. The equipment, installed in the car, will record and diagnose the problem. The time my technician spends this way is not a burden on business hours. In this case, the total cost would come up for only two hours. The technician spent the first hour diagnosing the problem and did not find the fault. After that, the arrangement is made with the customer that my specialist will keep the car to find the problem. He will be driving the car to and from business and during lunch breaks. When he finds a fault, it will take probably less than an hour to fix it. So one hour for diagnosing and the other hour for fixing the problem would be charged from the customer. This method seems more professional than any of the other scenarios. What if you change every conceivable part that could cause this; would that be professional and ethical? If you cannot fix it, would it be more ethical to charge a nominal fee rather than what is due to you for services rendered? Changing every conceivable part is neither ethical nor professional. This way the customer will have to pay for the time consumed and the cost of new parts. Charging a nominal fee or for the services rendered will be an enormous burden on the client. The technician can use a 'trial and error' method, making educated guesses what the problem could be and then change that particular part.